Pakali pano, China galimoto ndi mbali makampani ndalama lonse chiŵerengero cha pafupifupi 1: 1, ndi galimoto powerhouse 1: 1.7 chiŵerengero akadali kusiyana, mbali makampani ndi lalikulu koma si amphamvu, unyolo mafakitale kumtunda ndi kunsi kwa mtsinje pali zofooka zambiri ndi breakpoints.Chofunikira cha mpikisano wapadziko lonse wamakampani opanga magalimoto ndi njira yothandizira, ndiko kuti, unyolo wamakampani, mpikisano wamtengo wapatali.Chifukwa chake, kukhathamiritsa masanjidwe a kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa makampani, kufulumizitsa kuphatikizika ndi luso lazinthu zogulitsira, kumanga unyolo wamafakitale odziyimira pawokha, otetezeka komanso osinthika, ndikuwongolera malo aku China pamafakitale apadziko lonse lapansi, ndiye chilimbikitso chokhazikika komanso chothandiza. zofunikira kuti akwaniritse chitukuko chapamwamba cha zotumiza kunja zamagalimoto.
Magawo ndi zigawo zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zimakhala zokhazikika
1. 2020 China zigawo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zimatsika pamlingo wapamwamba kuposa magalimoto athunthu
Kuyambira 2015, mbali zamagalimoto zaku China (kuphatikiza makiyi agalimoto, zida zosinthira, galasi, matayala, zomwe zili pansipa) kusinthasintha kwapadziko lonse lapansi sikuli kwakukulu.Kuphatikiza pazogulitsa kunja kwa 2018 zidapitilira $ 60 biliyoni, zaka zina zikuyandama m'mwamba ndi pansi $ 55 biliyoni, zomwe zimafanana ndi zomwe zimachitika pachaka zagalimoto yonse.2020, China zonse zogulitsa zamagalimoto zimapitilira $ 71 biliyoni, zida zidapanga 78.0%.Pakati pawo, galimoto yonse yotumiza kunja kwa $ 15.735 biliyoni, pansi pa 3.6% chaka ndi chaka;mbali zotumiza kunja kwa $ 55.397 biliyoni, kutsika ndi 5.9% chaka ndi chaka, kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kuposa galimoto yonse.Poyerekeza ndi 2019, kusiyana kwa mwezi pamwezi pakutumiza kwa magawo ndi zigawo mu 2020 ndizodziwikiratu.Kukhudzidwa ndi mliriwu, zogulitsa kunja zidagwera pansi mu February, koma mu Marichi zomwe zidabwereranso pamlingo womwewo chaka chatha;chifukwa cha kufunikira kofooka m'misika yakunja, miyezi inayi yotsatira idapitilirabe, mpaka Ogasiti idakhazikika ndikuwonjezeranso, Seputembala mpaka Disembala zotumiza kunja zidapitilirabe pamlingo wapamwamba.Poyerekeza ndi momwe magalimoto amatulutsira kunja, zigawo ndi zigawo zake kuposa galimotoyo mwezi wa 1 kale kuposa nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha kubwereranso pamlingo, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti zigawo ndi zigawo za msika zimakhudzidwa kwambiri.
2. Zida zamagalimoto zimatumiza kuzinthu zazikulu ndi zowonjezera
Mu 2020, magalimoto aku China omwe amatumizidwa kunja kwa zigawo zazikulu 23.021 biliyoni za US, kutsika ndi 4.7% pachaka, kuwerengera 41.6%;Zida za zero zimatumiza kunja kwa 19.654 biliyoni madola aku US, kutsika ndi 3.9% pachaka, kuwerengera 35.5%;magalasi amagalimoto amatumiza kunja 1.087 biliyoni US madola, pansi 5.2%;matayala amagalimoto amatumiza kunja 11.635 biliyoni US madola, pansi 11.2%.Magalasi agalimoto amatumizidwa makamaka ku United States, Japan, Germany, South Korea ndi mayiko ena opanga magalimoto, matayala agalimoto amatumizidwa ku United States, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom ndi misika ina yayikulu yogulitsa kunja.
Mwachindunji, magulu akuluakulu omwe amatumizidwa kunja ndi chimango ndi ma brake system, zotumiza kunja zinali 5.041 biliyoni ndi 4.943 biliyoni za madola aku US, makamaka zimatumizidwa ku United States, Japan, Mexico, Germany.Pankhani ya zida zosinthira, zophimba thupi ndi mawilo ndiye magulu akuluakulu otumiza kunja mu 2020, omwe ali ndi mtengo wotumizira kunja kwa 6.435 biliyoni ndi 4.865 biliyoni US dollars motsatana, pomwe mawilo amatumizidwa makamaka ku United States, Japan, Mexico, Thailand.
3. Misika yogulitsa kunja imakhazikika ku Asia, North America ndi Europe
Asia (Nkhaniyi ikunena za madera ena aku Asia kupatula China, zomwezi pansipa), North America ndi Europe ndiye msika wawukulu wotumiza kunja kwa China.2020, zigawo zikuluzikulu za China zimatumiza kunja msika waukulu kwambiri ndi Asia, zogulitsa kunja za $ 7.494 biliyoni, zomwe zimawerengera 32.6%;kutsatiridwa ndi North America, kutumiza kunja kwa $ 6.076 biliyoni, kuwerengera 26.4%;zotumiza ku Europe 5.902 biliyoni, zomwe zimawerengera 25.6%.Pazinthu zowonjezera zero, zotumiza kunja ku Asia zinali 42.9 peresenti;zotumiza kunja ku North America 5.065 biliyoni US madola, owerengera 25.8 peresenti;zotumiza ku Europe 3.371 biliyoni za US $, zomwe zimawerengera 17.2 peresenti.
Ngakhale pali mikangano yamalonda pakati pa China ndi United States, kugulitsa kwa China kwa zigawo ndi zigawo zake ku United States mu 2020 kwatsika, koma kaya ndi zigawo zazikulu kapena zowonjezera ziro, United States ikadali yotumiza kunja kwambiri ku China, zonse zimatumiza kunja ku China. United States idawerengera pafupifupi 24% yazinthu zonse zomwe zidatumizidwa kunja kuposa madola 10 biliyoni aku US.Pakati pawo, magawo ofunikira azinthu zazikulu zotumizira kunja kwa ma brake system, kuyimitsidwa ndi makina owongolera, zida za zero zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja kwa mawilo a aluminiyamu, zida zamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi.Maiko ena omwe ali ndi zida zazikulu zotumizira kunja ndi zinthu zina ndi Japan, South Korea ndi Mexico.
4. Kufunika kwa RCEP m'chigawo cha magalimoto agalimoto
Mu 2020, Japan, South Korea ndi Thailand ndi mayiko atatu apamwamba m'chigawo cha RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) potengera kutumiza kunja kwa zigawo zazikulu ndi zida zamagalimoto aku China.The katundu ku Japan makamaka mawilo zotayidwa aloyi, thupi, poyatsira mawaya gulu, dongosolo ananyema, airbag, etc.;katundu katundu ku South Korea makamaka poyatsira mawaya gulu, thupi, dongosolo chiwongolero, airbag, etc.;zogulitsa kunja ku Thailand makamaka ndi thupi, mawilo a aluminiyamu aloyi, chiwongolero, ma brake system, ndi zina zambiri.
Pali kusinthasintha kwa magawo omwe amalowetsa m'zaka zaposachedwa
1. Kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwazinthu zaku China zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja mu 2020
Kuchokera ku 2015 mpaka 2018, kugulitsa kwa magawo agalimoto ku China kumawonetsa kukwezeka chaka ndi chaka;mu 2019, panali dontho lalikulu, ndi katundu kugwa ndi 12.4% chaka pa chaka;mu 2020, ngakhale adakhudzidwa ndi mliriwu, katundu wochokera kunja adafika ku US $ 32.113 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa 0.4% kuposa chaka chatha, chifukwa cha kukoka kwakukulu kwa zofuna zapakhomo.
Kuchokera pamachitidwe apamwezi, kulowetsedwa kwa magawo ndi zida mu 2020 zidawonetsa kutsika kwambiri zisanachitike komanso zitatha.Kutsika kwapachaka kunali mu Epulo mpaka Meyi, makamaka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zinthu zomwe zidabwera chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa mliri kunja kwa dziko.Popeza kukhazikika mu June, mabizinesi zoweta galimoto kuonetsetsa kotunga unyolo bata, mwadala kuonjezera yopuma kufufuza, mbali kunja mu theka lachiwiri la chaka nthawi zonse kuthamanga pa mlingo wapamwamba.
2. Zigawo zazikuluzikulu zimatenga pafupifupi 70% yazogulitsa kunja
Mu 2020, zida zazikulu zamagalimoto zaku China zimatumiza madola 21.642 biliyoni aku US, kutsika ndi 2.5% pachaka, kuwerengera 67.4%;zida za zero zimatumiza madola 9.42 biliyoni aku US, kukwera 7.0% pachaka, kuwerengera 29.3%;Magalasi amagalimoto amalowetsa madola 4.232 biliyoni aku US, kukwera ndi 20.3% pachaka;matayala amagalimoto amalowetsa madola 6.24 biliyoni aku US, kutsika ndi 2.0% pachaka.
Kuchokera ku zigawo zazikuluzikulu, kutumiza kunja kunatenga theka la chiwerengero chonse.2020, China idatumiza $ 10.439 biliyoni pakutumiza, kutsika pang'ono ndi 0.6% pachaka, kuwerengera 48% yonseyo, pomwe magwero akuluakulu akuchokera ku Japan, Germany, United States ndi South Korea.Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi mafelemu ndi injini zamafuta / gasi wachilengedwe.Akuluakulu oitanitsa mafelemu ndi Germany, United States, Japan ndi Austria, ndipo injini za petulo/gasi wachilengedwe zimatumizidwa makamaka kuchokera ku Japan, Sweden, United States ndi Germany.
Ponena za kutumizidwa kunja kwa zida za zero, zophimba thupi zidatenga 55% ya ndalama zonse zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja kwa $ 5.157 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 11.4% pachaka, mayiko akuluakulu omwe amatumiza kunja ndi Germany, Portugal, United States ndi Japan.Zipangizo zowunikira magalimoto zimatumizidwa kunja kwa $ 1.929 biliyoni, mpaka 12.5% pachaka, zomwe zimawerengera 20%, makamaka kuchokera ku Mexico, Czech Republic, Germany ndi Slovakia ndi mayiko ena.Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti, ndikupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wapanyumba komanso kuthandizira, kuitanitsa zida zofananira za zero kukucheperachepera chaka ndi chaka.
3. Europe ndiye msika waukulu wotengera magawo
Mu 2020, Europe ndi Asia ndiye misika yayikulu yotengera mbali zazikulu zamagalimoto zaku China.Zogulitsa kuchokera ku Ulaya zinafika ku $ 9.767 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa 0.1% pachaka, kuwerengera 45.1%;zotuluka kuchokera ku Asia zidafika $9.126 biliyoni, kutsika ndi 10.8% pachaka, zomwe zimawerengera 42.2%.Momwemonso, msika waukulu kwambiri wogulitsira zida za zero ulinso ku Europe, zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja kwa $ 5.992 biliyoni, mpaka 5.4% pachaka, zomwe zimawerengera 63.6%;kutsatiridwa ndi Asia, ndi katundu wa $1.860 biliyoni, kutsika ndi 10.0% chaka ndi chaka, ndi 19.7%.
Mu 2020, China omwe akutumiza kunja kwa zigawo zazikulu zamagalimoto ndi Japan, Germany ndi United States.Pakati pawo, katundu wochokera ku United States adakula kwambiri, ndikuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka ndi 48.5%, ndipo zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja ndizotumiza, zogwirira ndi machitidwe owongolera.Zigawo ndi zowonjezera zimatumizidwa kuchokera kumayiko makamaka Germany, Mexico ndi Japan.Zochokera ku Germany 2.399 biliyoni madola aku US, kuwonjezeka kwa 1.5%, kuwerengera 25,5%.
4. M'chigawo cha mgwirizano wa RCEP, China imadalira kwambiri zinthu za ku Japan
Mu 2020, Japan, South Korea, Thailand idakhala ndi mayiko atatu apamwamba kwambiri aku China omwe amatengera zida zazikulu zamagalimoto ndi zida kuchokera kudera la RCEP, zomwe zimatumiza kunja kwambiri ndi zigawo, injini ndi matupi agalimoto za 1 ~ 3L, komanso kuchuluka kwakukulu. kudalira zinthu zaku Japan.M'chigawo cha mgwirizano wa RCEP, kuchokera kumtengo wapatali, 79% ya kutumiza ndi kutumiza magalimoto ang'onoang'ono kuchokera ku Japan, 99% ya injini yamagalimoto ku Japan, 85% ya thupi kuchokera ku Japan.
Kukula kwa magawo kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi msika wonse wamagalimoto
1. Zigawo ndi zigawo mabizinesi ayenera kuyenda kutsogolo kwa galimoto lonse
Kuchokera ku ndondomeko ya ndondomeko, ndondomeko yamakampani oyendetsa magalimoto apanyumba makamaka kuzungulira galimoto kuti ipangidwe, magawo ndi zigawo zamakampani zimangogwira ntchito "yothandizira";kuchokera kumalo otumiza kunja, mawilo odziyimira pawokha amtundu wamagalimoto, magalasi ndi matayala amphira pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi kuti atenge malo, pomwe phindu lalikulu, kupindula kwakukulu kwazinthu zazikuluzikulu zachitukuko kumatsalira kumbuyo.Monga makampani zofunika, mbali magalimoto amakhudza osiyanasiyana unyolo mafakitale ndi yaitali, palibe makampani amkati galimoto ndi chitukuko chogwirizana, n'zovuta kupanga yopambana mu luso pachimake.Ndikoyenera kuwonetsa kuti m'mbuyomu, chomera chachikulu chimakhalapo kuti akwaniritse kumvetsetsa kwa mbali imodzi ya gawo la msika, ndipo ogulitsa kumtunda amangosunga ubale wosavuta komanso wofunikira, sanachite nawo gawo pakuyendetsa makampani akutsogolo. unyolo.
Kuchokera pamawonekedwe apadziko lonse a magawo a magawo, ma OEM akuluakulu monga ma radiation oyambira padziko lonse lapansi apanga magulu atatu akuluakulu amakampani: United States monga pachimake, ndi mgwirizano wa US-Mexico-Canada wosunga gulu lamakampani aku North America. ;Germany, France monga pachimake, European makampani unyolo cluster of radiation ku Central ndi Eastern Europe;China, Japan, South Korea monga pachimake cha magulu amakampani aku Asia.Kuti tipambane mwayi wosiyanitsa pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi, mabizinesi odziyimira pawokha amagalimoto amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma chain chain cluster effect, tcheru khutu ku synergy of the upstream supply chain, kuonjezera mapangidwe akutsogolo, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kuphatikiza. khama, ndi kulimbikitsa amphamvu odziimira mbali mabizinezi kupita kunyanja pamodzi, ngakhale pamaso pa galimoto lonse.
2. Odziyimira pawokha opereka mitu amabweretsa nthawi yachitukuko
Mliriwu umakhudza kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kwakanthawi pamagawo am'magalimoto apadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zingapindulitse mabizinesi akunyumba omwe ali ndi kuthekera kopanga padziko lonse lapansi.M'kanthawi kochepa, mliriwu umakokera mobwerezabwereza kupanga kwa ogulitsa kunja, pomwe mabizinesi apakhomo ndi oyamba kuyambiranso ntchito ndi kupanga, ndipo malamulo ena omwe sangathe kuperekedwa munthawi yake atha kukakamizidwa kusinthana ndi ogulitsa, kupereka nthawi yazenera yapanyumba. magawo amakampani kuti akulitse bizinesi yawo yakunja.M'kupita kwanthawi, kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo chochepetsera zinthu zakunja, ma OEM ambiri azikhala odziyimira pawokha pamakina othandizira, njira zolowa m'malo mwazinthu zapakhomo zikuyembekezeka kukwera.Makampani opanga magalimoto amazungulira komanso kukula kwazinthu ziwirizi, malinga ndi kukula kochepa kwa msika, mwayi wamabizinesi ungayembekezeredwe.
3. "Zatsopano zinayi" zidzasinthanso chitsanzo cha makina opangira magalimoto
Pakalipano, zinthu zinayi zazikulu, kuphatikizapo chitsogozo cha ndondomeko, maziko a zachuma, chilimbikitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kuyendetsa teknoloji, zathandizira kuswana ndikulimbikitsa "zinayi zatsopano" zamakampani opanga magalimoto - kusiyanitsa mphamvu, kugwirizanitsa maukonde, luntha ndi kugawana.Opanga ma Host apanga mitundu yosinthidwa malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zapaulendo;kupanga papulatifomu kudzakulitsa mawonekedwe agalimoto ndi mkati;ndi kupanga zosinthika kumathandizira kukulitsa luso la mzere wopanga.Kukhwima kwaukadaulo wamagetsi, kuphatikiza kwamakampani a 5G, komanso kukwaniritsidwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zochitika zamagalimoto anzeru zomwe zimagawana nawo zidzasinthanso kwambiri mawonekedwe amakampani am'tsogolo agalimoto.Makina atatu amagetsi (mabatire, ma mota ndi magetsi) oyendetsedwa ndi kukwera kwa magetsi adzalowa m'malo mwa injini yanthawi zonse yoyaka mkati ndikukhala pachimake;chonyamulira chachikulu cha nzeru - chip yamagalimoto, ADAS ndi chithandizo cha AI chidzakhala mfundo yatsopano yotsutsana;monga gawo lofunika kwambiri pa intaneti, C-V2X, mapu olondola kwambiri, luso loyendetsa galimoto ndi mgwirizano wa ndondomeko Zina zinayi zazikulu zoyendetsera galimoto zikusowa.
Kuthekera kwapamsika kumapereka mwayi wachitukuko kwamakampani agawo
Malinga ndi OICA (World Organisation of Automobile), umwini wagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi udzakhala 1.491 biliyoni mu 2020. Kukula kwa umwini kumapereka njira yolimba yabizinesi yamagalimoto amtundu wa magalimoto, kutanthauza kuti padzakhala kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa ntchito yogulitsa pambuyo pa malonda ndi kukonza mtsogolo, ndipo makampani aku China akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu mwamphamvu.
Ku US, mwachitsanzo, pofika kumapeto kwa 2019, panali magalimoto pafupifupi 280 miliyoni ku US;Makilomita onse agalimoto ku US mu 2019 anali 3.27 thililiyoni mailosi (pafupifupi 5.26 thililiyoni kilomita), ndi avareji zaka galimoto zaka 11.8.Kukula kwa mtunda wamagalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka zamagalimoto akuyendetsa kukula kwa magawo omwe amagulitsidwa pambuyo pake komanso kukonzanso ndi kukonza ndalama.Malinga ndi bungwe la American Automotive Aftermarket Suppliers Association (AASA), msika wamagalimoto ku US ukuyembekezeka kufika $308 biliyoni mu 2019. Kuwonjezeka kwa msika kudzapindula kwambiri ndi makampani omwe amayang'ana kwambiri ntchito zamagalimoto pambuyo pake, kuphatikiza ogulitsa magawo, okonza ndi kukonza, ogulitsa magalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi zina zotero, zomwe ndi zabwino kwa zida zamagalimoto zaku China zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja.
Momwemonso, msika waku Europe uli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu.Malinga ndi data ya European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA), pafupifupi zaka zamagalimoto aku Europe ndi zaka 10.5.Gawo la msika lamakono la makina a OEM aku Germany ndi ofanana kwenikweni ndi njira zodziyimira pawokha.Pamsika wokonza ndikusinthanso ntchito za matayala, kukonza, kukongola ndi kung'ambika ndi kung'ambika, njira yodziyimira payokha imakhala pafupifupi 50% ya msika;pamene mu mabizinesi awiri a kukonza makina ndi magetsi ndi pepala zitsulo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, dongosolo OEM occupies oposa theka la msika.Pakali pano, German katundu wa mbali galimoto makamaka ku Czech Republic, Poland ndi ena Central ndi Eastern Europe ogulitsa OEM OEM, imports kuchokera China ku zinthu zazikulu monga matayala, zomangira ananyema.M'tsogolomu, makampani aku China atha kukulitsa kukula kwa msika waku Europe.
Makampani opanga magalimoto akukumana ndi zaka zana zakukula kwa nthawi yayikulu kwambiri yazenera, pomwe makampani opanga zida zagalimoto kumtunda ndi kunsi kwa mtsinje adasunthira nawo, kuphatikiza, kukonzanso, njira yamphamvu yampikisano, kufunikira kogwira mwayi wodzilimbitsa. ndi kukonza zolakwikazo.Tsatirani chitukuko chodziyimira pawokha, tsatirani njira yolumikizirana ndi mayiko ena, ndiye chisankho chosapeŵeka pakukweza kwamakampani aku China.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-25-2022