Ma brake padsndi zinthu zotsutsana zomwe zimayikidwa pa ng'oma ya brake kapena disc yomwe imazungulira ndi gudumu, momwe mipiringidzo yachitsulo ndi chotchinga chachitsulo chimayikidwa pazitsulo zakunja kuti zipangitse kukangana kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha kuthamangitsidwa kwa galimoto.
friction block ndi friction material yomwe imakankhidwa ndi clamp piston ndikufinya pabrake disc, chifukwa cha kugundana, chotchinga chotchinga chidzavalidwa pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri, kutsika mtengo kwa ma brake pads kumavala mwachangu.Chophimbacho chimagawidwa m'magawo awiri: friction material ndi base plate.Pambuyo pazitsulo zowonongeka, mbale yoyambira idzalumikizana mwachindunji ndi diski ya brake, yomwe pamapeto pake idzataya mphamvu ya braking ndikuwononga diski ya brake, ndipo mtengo wokonzanso wa brake disc ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, zofunika kwambiri pama brake pads ndizovuta kukana kuvala, kugundana kwakukulu, komanso zinthu zabwino kwambiri zotchinjiriza matenthedwe.
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana braking ziyangoyango ananyema akhoza kugawidwa mu: ng'oma ananyema ziyangoyango ndi zimbale ananyema ziyangoyango, malinga ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ananyema ziyangoyango akhoza zambiri kugawidwa mu mtundu wa asibesitosi, theka-zitsulo mtundu, NAO mtundu (ie sanali asibesitosi organic zakuthupi. type) ma brake pads ndi zina zitatu.
Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha zamakono zamakono, monga zigawo zina za ma brake system, ma brake pads okha akhala akusintha ndikusintha m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Pakupanga kwachikhalidwe, zinthu zokangana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma brake pads ndi zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zomatira kapena zowonjezera, zomwe ulusi umawonjezedwa kuti upangitse mphamvu zawo ndikukhala ngati kulimbikitsa.Opanga ma brake pad amakonda kutseka pakamwa polengeza za zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka zatsopano.Zotsatira zomaliza za braking pad braking, kuvala kukana, kukana kutentha ndi zinthu zina zimatengera kuchuluka kwa magawo osiyanasiyana.Zotsatirazi ndikukambitsirana kwachidule kwa zida zingapo zama brake pad.
Ma brake pads amtundu wa asbestos
Asibesitosi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zolimbikitsira ma brake pads kuyambira pachiyambi.Ulusi wa asibesitosi uli ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri, kotero amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ma brake pads ndi ma clutch discs ndi linings.Ulusiwu umakhala ndi mphamvu yolimba kwambiri, yofanana ndi yachitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo imatha kupirira kutentha mpaka 316 ° C.Chofunika kwambiri, asibesitosi ndi otsika mtengo ndipo amachokera ku amphibole ore, omwe amapezeka mochuluka m'mayiko ambiri.
Asibesitosi adatsimikiziridwa ndimankhwala kuti ndi mankhwala owopsa.Ulusi wake wonga singano umatha kulowa m'mapapo ndikukhala momwemo, zomwe zimayambitsa kupsa mtima ndipo pamapeto pake zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo, koma nthawi yobisika ya matendawa imatha kukhala zaka 15-30, kotero anthu nthawi zambiri samazindikira kuvulaza komwe kumachitika asibesitosi.
Malingana ngati ulusi wa asibesito umakhazikika ndi zinthu zokangana zokha sizingawononge thanzi kwa ogwira ntchito, koma ulusi wa asbestos ukatulutsidwa pamodzi ndi kugundana kwa brake kupanga fumbi la brake, zitha kukhala zotsatira zathanzi.
Malingana ndi mayesero ochitidwa ndi American Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA), nthawi zonse pamene kuyesa kukangana kwachizoloŵezi kukuchitika, ma brake pads adzatulutsa mamiliyoni ambiri a ulusi wa asbestos wotuluka mumlengalenga, ndipo ulusi wake ndi wochepa kwambiri kuposa tsitsi la munthu, zomwe siziwoneka ndi maso, kotero mpweya ukhoza kuyamwa masauzande a ulusi wa asibesitosi popanda anthu kudziwa.Mofananamo, ngati ng'oma ananyema kapena mbali ananyema mu ananyema fumbi kuwomberedwa kutali ndi payipi mpweya, angakhalenso ulusi wosawerengeka asibesitosi mu mlengalenga, ndi fumbi izi, osati zidzakhudza thanzi la zimango ntchito, chimodzimodzinso chifukwa. kuwonongeka kwa thanzi kwa ogwira ntchito ena aliwonse omwe alipo.Ngakhale ntchito zina zosavuta monga kumenya ng'oma ya brake ndi nyundo kuti amasule ndikutulutsa fumbi lamkati, zimatha kutulutsanso ulusi wambiri wa asbestos womwe ukuyandama mumlengalenga.Chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndichakuti ulusiwo ukangoyandama mumlengalenga umakhala kwa maola ambiri kenako amamatira ku zovala, matebulo, zida, ndi malo ena aliwonse omwe mungaganizire.Nthawi iliyonse akakumana ndi zokondoweza (monga kuyeretsa, kuyenda, kugwiritsa ntchito zida za mpweya kuti apange mpweya wabwino), zimayandama kubwereranso mumlengalenga.Nthawi zambiri, nkhaniyi ikalowa m'malo ogwirira ntchito, imakhalapo kwa miyezi kapena zaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale thanzi labwino kwa anthu ogwira ntchito kumeneko komanso kwa makasitomala.
Bungwe la American Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) linanenanso kuti ndi zotetezeka kuti anthu azigwira ntchito pamalo omwe alibe ulusi woposa 0.2 wa asibesito pa mita imodzi imodzi, komanso kuti fumbi la asibesitosi lochokera kuntchito yokonzanso mabuleki liyenera kuchepetsedwa ndikugwira ntchito. zomwe zingayambitse kutulutsa fumbi (monga kugunda ma brake pads, etc.) ziyenera kupewedwa momwe zingathere.
Koma kuphatikiza pazangozi yazaumoyo, pali vuto linanso lofunikira pama brake pads opangidwa ndi asbestos.Popeza asibesitosi ndi adiabatic, kutenthetsa kwake kumakhala koyipa kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito brake mobwerezabwereza kumapangitsa kutentha kumaundana mu brake pad.Ngati ma brake pads afika pamlingo wina wa kutentha, mabuleki amalephera.
Pamene opanga magalimoto ndi ogulitsa mabuleki adaganiza zopanga njira zatsopano komanso zotetezeka m'malo mwa asibesito, zida zatsopano zolimbana zidapangidwa pafupifupi nthawi imodzi.Awa ndi ma "semi-metallic" ophatikiza ndi ma brake pads omwe si a asbestos organic (NAO) omwe akufotokozedwa pansipa.
"Semi-metallic" hybrid brake pads
"Semi-met" osakaniza ma brake pads amapangidwa makamaka ndi ubweya wachitsulo wonyezimira monga kulimbikitsa ulusi komanso kusakaniza kofunikira.Kuchokera pamawonekedwe (ulusi wabwino ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono) ndizosavuta kusiyanitsa mtundu wa asibesitosi kuchokera ku ma brake pads omwe si a asbestos organic (NAO), komanso ali ndi chilengedwe.
Kulimba kwamphamvu komanso kutenthetsa kwaubweya wachitsulo kumapangitsa kuti "semi-metallic" ma brake pads kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amabuleki kuposa ma asbestosi achikhalidwe.Zomwe zili pamwamba pazitsulo zimasinthanso mawonekedwe a friction pad brake pad, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kuti "semi-metallic" brake pad imafuna kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa braking kuti ikwaniritse zomwezo.Zomwe zili ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, zimatanthauzanso kuti mapepalawo adzachititsa kuti pakhale kuvala pamwamba pa ma disks kapena ng'oma, komanso kutulutsa phokoso lochulukirapo.
Ubwino waukulu wa "Semi-metal" ma brake pads ndi kuthekera kwawo kuwongolera kutentha komanso kutentha kwambiri kwa braking, poyerekeza ndi kusamutsa kwa kutentha kwamtundu wa asibesitosi komanso kuzizira kosakwanira kwa ma brake discs ndi ng'oma.Kutentha kumasamutsidwa ku caliper ndi zigawo zake.Inde, ngati kutentha kumeneku sikukuyendetsedwa bwino kungayambitsenso mavuto.Kutentha kwa brake fluid kumakwera kukatenthedwa, ndipo ngati kutentha kwafika pamlingo wina kumapangitsa kuti mabuleki achepetse komanso kuti brake fluid iwira.Kutentha kumeneku kumakhalanso ndi zotsatira pa caliper, piston chisindikizo ndi masika obwerera, zomwe zidzafulumizitsa ukalamba wa zigawozi, zomwe ndi chifukwa chokonzanso caliper ndikusintha zitsulo panthawi yokonza mabuleki.
Non-asbestos organic braking materials (NAO)
Zida zopanda asibesitosi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka zimagwiritsa ntchito galasi, zonunkhira za polycool fiber kapena ulusi wina (mpweya, ceramic, etc.) monga zipangizo zolimbikitsira, zomwe ntchito zake zimadalira makamaka mtundu wa CHIKWANGWANI ndi zosakaniza zina zowonjezera.
Zida zopanda asibesitosi zidapangidwa ngati njira ina yopangira makristasi a asibesitosi opangira ng'oma zophwanyika kapena nsapato zama brake, koma posachedwapa akuyesedwanso ngati m'malo mwa ma brake pads akutsogolo.Pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito, ma brake pads amtundu wa NAO ali pafupi ndi ma brake pads kuposa ma semi-metallic brake pads.Ilibe maduidwe abwino amatenthedwe omwewo komanso kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri ngati mapadi a semi-metallic.
Kodi NAO yaiwisi yatsopano ikufananiza bwanji ndi mabuleki a asbestos?Zipangizo zamakono zopangira asibesitosi zimakhala ndi zosakaniza zisanu kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyambira, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ulusi wa asibesitosi wolimbikitsira, zowonjezera zowonjezera, ndi zomangira monga mafuta a linseed, resins, benzene sound awakening, ndi resins.Poyerekeza, NAO mkangano zipangizo zili pafupifupi khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri osiyana ndodo mankhwala, chifukwa kuchotsa asibesitosi si chimodzimodzi monga m'malo ndi choloweza m'malo, koma kumafuna osakaniza lalikulu kuonetsetsa braking ntchito yofanana kapena kuposa braking mphamvu ya asbestosi mikangano midadada.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-23-2022